Peatlands, often referred to as “nature’s carbon vaults,” are among the most vital ecosystems on Earth. Despite covering only about 3–4% of the planet’s land surface, they store up to one-third of the world’s soil carbon—twice the amount found in all of the world’s forests combined. However, recent studies reveal a concerning trend: a significant portion of these ecosystems are drying out and degrading at an alarming rate.Wetlands International Europe+4globalpeatlands.org+4UNEP – UN Environment Programme+4
The Global Extent of Degradation
A comprehensive global assessment indicates that approximately 12% of the world’s peatlands have been drained and degraded, contributing to about 4% of global human-made greenhouse gas emissions. This degradation is primarily driven by human activities such as agriculture, forestry, and urban development. In regions like Southeast Asia, large-scale drainage for oil palm plantations has led to significant peatland loss. Wetlands International+4globalpeatlands.org+4FAOHome+4Wetlands InternationalUNEP – UN Environment Programme
Importance of Healthy Peatlands
Healthy peatlands play a crucial role in climate regulation by acting as carbon sinks. They also support biodiversity, regulate water quality, and reduce the risks of floods and droughts. In Europe, for instance, peatlands cover about 12% of the land area, but nearly 50% are in poor or degraded condition due to drainage and peat extraction. UNEP – UN Environment ProgrammeWetlands International Europe
Restoration Efforts and Challenges
Restoring degraded peatlands is essential for mitigating climate change and preserving biodiversity. Efforts are underway globally to re-wet drained peatlands, halt peat extraction, and implement sustainable land management practices. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) emphasizes the need for enhanced protection and restoration of peatlands, along with investments in research and monitoring. IUCN Peatland Programme+7UNEP – UN Environment Programme+7UNEP-WCMC+7
Actions for the Future
To address the peatland crisis, the following actions are recommended:
- Rewetting Degraded Peatlands: Implementing measures to restore water levels in drained peatlands to re-establish their carbon sink function.
- Sustainable Land Management: Adopting practices that prevent further degradation and promote the health of peatland ecosystems.
- Policy and Advocacy: Advocating for policies that protect peatlands and support their restoration.globalpeatlands.org+2Wetlands International Europe+2International Peatland Society+2
- Public Awareness and Education: Raising awareness about the importance of peatlands and the threats they face.globalpeatlands.org+2Wetlands International+2Wetlands International Europe+2
